writing instruments – ابزار نوشتن
The first true writing instruments were made by the Sumerians in Mesopotamia nearly 5,000 years ago.
steel pen : Curved point mounted on a handle; it is dipped in an inkwell to write.
quill : Large feather with a hollow stalk (calamus) that is sharpened to a point and dipped in ink to write; it was used in the Middle Ages.
writing brush : Natural or synthetic bristles set into a handle and dipped in ink to write; it has been used for Chinese calligraphy for 4,000 years.
cane pen : Instrument that was used from antiquity through the Middle Ages to write on papyrus and parchment; it remains the traditional instrument of Arabic calligraphy.
Roman metal pen : Metal writing instrument devised by the Romans in ancient times; it is the ancestor of the modern metal pen, which appeared in the 19th century.
stylus : Pointy metal instrument used by the ancient Greeks to etch wax tablets; the flattened end was used to erase etching.
marker : Bevel-tipped color felt pen of variable size.
lead pencil : Pencil made of lead with a decorative end; it was first used in the Middle Ages and was later replaced by the graphite lead pencil.
mechanical pencil : Instrument that is made up of a slender tube containing a fine piece of lead; pressing the thrust button moves the lead forward.
pencil : Writing instrument made up of a casing of soft wood around a graphite lead; it can be sharpened easily.
writing instruments
